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The two bimedians in a quadrilateral and the line segment joining the midpoints of the diagonals in that quadrilateral are concurrent and are all bisected by their point of intersection. [3]: p.125 In a convex quadrilateral with sides a, b, c and d, the length of the bimedian that connects the midpoints of the sides a and c is
Three circles associated with an antiparallelogram. An antiparallelogram is a special case of a crossed quadrilateral, with two pairs of equal-length edges. [3] In general, crossed quadrilaterals can have unequal edges. [3] A special form of the antiparallelogram is a crossed rectangle, in which two opposite edges are parallel. [4]
If the incircle is tangent to the sides AB, BC, CD, DA at T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4 respectively, and if N 1, N 2, N 3, N 4 are the isotomic conjugates of these points with respect to the corresponding sides (that is, AT 1 = BN 1 and so on), then the Nagel point of the tangential quadrilateral is defined as the intersection of the lines N 1 N 3 and N ...
Bretschneider's formula generalizes Brahmagupta's formula for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral, which in turn generalizes Heron's formula for the area of a triangle.. The trigonometric adjustment in Bretschneider's formula for non-cyclicality of the quadrilateral can be rewritten non-trigonometrically in terms of the sides and the diagonals e and f to give [2] [3]
In Euclidean geometry, Brahmagupta's formula, named after the 7th century Indian mathematician, is used to find the area of any convex cyclic quadrilateral (one that can be inscribed in a circle) given the lengths of the sides. Its generalized version, Bretschneider's formula, can be used with non-cyclic quadrilateral.
A Watt quadrilateral is a quadrilateral with a pair of opposite sides of equal length. [6] A quadric quadrilateral is a convex quadrilateral whose four vertices all lie on the perimeter of a square. [7] A diametric quadrilateral is a cyclic quadrilateral having one of its sides as a diameter of the circumcircle. [8]
More generally, if the quadrilateral is a rectangle with sides a and b and diagonal d then Ptolemy's theorem reduces to the Pythagorean theorem. In this case the center of the circle coincides with the point of intersection of the diagonals. The product of the diagonals is then d 2, the right hand side of Ptolemy's relation is the sum a 2 + b 2.
Other names for these quadrilaterals are concyclic quadrilateral and chordal quadrilateral, the latter since the sides of the quadrilateral are chords of the circumcircle. Usually the quadrilateral is assumed to be convex, but there are also crossed cyclic quadrilaterals. The formulas and properties given below are valid in the convex case.