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Today, the remaining fragments of Celtic rainforest are protected for conservation and research. [4] Since the 20th century, conservation efforts have resulted in the protection and management of many of these woodlands, to address problems such as invasive Rhododendron, excessive grazing from sheep and deer, and non-native plantation trees. [10]
In 2015, the Woodland Trust bought Ceunant Llennyrch, a 220-hectare (550-acre) Celtic rainforest in Snowdonia. [13] In 2018, £8.5 million from the European Union and the Welsh Government were provided to support the areas of rainforest in Snowdonia, Cwm Einion, Cwm Doethie and the Elan Valley. [14] [15] [16]
The principal plant communities of the Celtic broadleaf forests include: [1] lowland to submontane acidophilous oak forests, mixed oak forests, principally of English oak (Quercus robur) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea). mixed oak-ash forests. Plant communities with smaller areas include: western boreal and nemoral-montane birch forests,
The site is designated as an SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest), NNR (National Nature Reserve) and SAC (Special Area of Conservation). After the glaciers made their final retreat from Wales around 11,500 years ago, it took time to transform the barren landscape into a lush woodland.
Human habitation began with Mesolithic peoples who were present shortly after the ice retreated, c. 9000–8000 years ago, scattered throughout the present-day English portion of the ecoregion, as well as in the Welsh, Irish, and eastern Scottish areas of the Celtic broadleaf forests.
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The Dolmelynllyn Estate is approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Dolgellau, Gwynedd, in the southern area of the Snowdonia National Park.It is over 500 hectares (1,200 acres) in extent and includes landscapes that vary from river terraces to high moorland, as well as boulder-strewn woodland.