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Cranes provide less flexibility in movement than industrial trucks because they only can operate within a restricted area, though some can operate on a portable base. Most cranes utilize trolley-and-tracks for horizontal movement and hoists for vertical movement, although manipulators can be used if precise positioning of the load is required.
Now many hoists are package hoists, built as one unit in a single housing, generally designed for ten-year life, but the life calculation is based on an industry standard when calculating actual life. See the Hoists Manufacturers Institute site [2] for true life calculation, which is based on load and hours used. In today's modern world for the ...
The first of these systems used mechanical clutches between luffing and hoist drums, giving simplicity and a "near level" result. [5] Later systems have used modern electronic controls and quickly reversible motors with good slow-speed control to the hoist winch motors, so as to give a positioning accuracy of inches.
They have spans of 140 metres (460 ft) and can lift loads of up to 840 tonnes (830 long tons; 930 short tons) to a height of 70 metres (230 ft). In 2008, the world's strongest gantry crane, Taisun, which can lift 20,000 tonnes (19,700 long tons; 22,000 short tons), was installed in Yantai, China at the Yantai Raffles Shipyard.
A gantry crane has a hoist in a fixed machinery house or on a trolley that runs horizontally along rails, usually fitted on a single beam (mono-girder) or two beams (twin-girder). The crane frame is supported on a gantry system with equalized beams and wheels that run on the gantry rail, usually perpendicular to the trolley travel direction.
Such systems operate between 4,000 to 5,800 psi (28,000 to 40,000 kPa). The North American market developed low pressure / high volume systems, which allowed operators to share the hoist's hydraulic system with other hydraulically powered devices. These systems typically operate with a larger gear pump and larger hydraulic reservoir. Operating ...