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Systems theory in political science is a highly abstract, partly holistic view of politics, influenced by cybernetics. The adaptation of system theory to political science was conceived by David Easton in 1953.
Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society.
To define the system in practice, liberal democracies often draw upon a constitution, either formally written or uncodified, to delineate the powers of government and enshrine the social contract. After a period of sustained expansion throughout the 20th century, liberal democracy became the predominant political system in the world.
Political philosophy is a branch of philosophy, [1] but it has also played a major part in political science, within which a strong focus has historically been placed on both the history of political thought and contemporary political theory (from normative political theory to various critical approaches).
1951, The Decline of Modern Political Theory, in Journal of Politics 13. 1953, The Political System. An Inquiry into the State of Political Science, New York: Knopf. 1957, An Approach to the Analysis of Political Systems, in World Politics 9. 1965, A Framework for Political Analysis, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Political scientists also use and develop theoretical tools like game theory and agent-based models to study a host of political systems and situations. [35] Other approaches include the study of equation-based models and opinion dynamics.
Every political system is embedded in a particular political culture. [67] Lucian Pye's definition is that, "Political culture is the set of attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments, which give order and meaning to a political process and which provide the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in the political system." [67]
Systems theory is the transdisciplinary [1] study of systems, ... David Easton's seminal development of the "political system" as an analytical construct), ...