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Image codes are things like thinking of a picture of a dog when you are thinking of a dog, whereas a verbal code would be to think of the word "dog". [31] Another example is the difference between thinking of abstract words such as justice or love and thinking of concrete words like elephant or chair.
According to perceptual symbol systems theory, bottom-up patterns of activation within sensory-motor areas become associated during perception, and thus become perceptually-based symbols. Barsalou suggests that attentional mechanisms then bind these diverse perceptual components into stable networks of associations, termed simulators, which are ...
For example, one study tested if fMRI could accurately measure the mental representations that are triggered when viewing a simple image. Participants' were shown 1,200 images of natural objects and printed letters while brain activity was recorded from multiple regions of visual cortex (V1-4), lateral occipital complex).
The five symbols are a hollow circle, a plus sign, three vertical wavy lines, a hollow square, and a hollow five-pointed star. [3]: 115 [4] In a test for ESP, the experimenter picks up a card in a shuffled pack, observes the symbol, and records the answer of the person being tested, who would guess which of the five designs is on the card.
Gestalt qualities (German: Gestaltqualitäten) are concepts found in gestalt psychology which refer to the essential nature of a perceptual experience. An example would be how a melody is perceived, as a whole, rather than merely the sum of its individual notes. A formed Gestalt is an entire, complete structure, with clearly defined contours.
The mirror symbol hypothesis posits that symbols emerge (initially formalised in terms of Lawrence W. Barsalou's perceptual symbols, and later as statements in an implementable language [2]) may function in a similar way to facilitate empathy. There exist symbols (e.g. for grasping) that apply both in the act and in the passive observation thereof.
Guided imagery (also known as guided affective imagery, or katathym-imaginative psychotherapy) is a mind-body intervention by which a trained practitioner or teacher helps a participant or patient to evoke and generate mental images [1] that simulate or recreate the sensory perception [2] [3] of sights, [4] [5] sounds, [6] tastes, [7] smells, [8] movements, [9] and images associated with touch ...
Shepard had described an earlier, less-powerful version of the illusion in 1981 as the "parallelogram illusion" (Perceptual Organization, pp. 297–9). [1] The illusion can also be constructed using identical trapezoids rather than identical parallelograms. [7] A variant of the Shepard tabletop illusion was named "Best Illusion of the Year" for ...