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In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the very early universe.Following the inflationary period, the universe continued to expand, but at a slower rate.
Vacuum state is a configuration of quantum fields representing a local minimum (but not necessarily a global minimum) of energy. Inflationary models propose that at approximately 10 −36 seconds after the Big Bang, vacuum state of the Universe was different from the one seen at the present time: the inflationary vacuum had a much higher energy density.
The scale factor is a function of time and is conventionally set to be = at the present time. Because the universe is expanding, a {\displaystyle a} is smaller in the past and larger in the future. Extrapolating back in time with certain cosmological models will yield a moment when the scale factor was zero; our current understanding of ...
A CPI is a statistical estimate constructed using the prices of a sample of representative items whose prices are collected periodically. Sub-indices and sub-sub-indices can be computed for different categories and sub-categories of goods and services, which are combined to produce the overall index with weights reflecting their shares in the total of the consumer expenditures covered by the ...
= ,, where is the growth rate of the index, enumerates all relevant price measurements that are present in both months, represents a fractional weight of the item as measured in a base period, , represents the price of the item as measured in the current month, and , represents the price of the same item as measured in the previous month.
The American economy has always been cyclical, going from boom to bust and back again. However, 2020 saw an entire economic cycle in a matter of months. The economy was in a solid expansion at the...
Chained dollars is a method of adjusting real dollar amounts for inflation over time, to allow the comparison of figures from different years. [1] The U.S. Department of Commerce introduced the chained-dollar measure in 1996. It generally reflects dollar figures computed with 2012 as the base year. [2]
In early 2022, inflation has been nothing short of runaway, reaching levels not seen since the 1980s. In large part because of these inflationary readings, which reached 8.5% in March, the stock...