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Women residing in the US automatically retained their American citizenship if they did not explicitly renounce; women residing abroad had the option to retain American citizenship by registration with a US consul. [55] The aim of these provisions was to prevent cases of multiple nationalities among women. [56] 1908. Muller v.
Article 14 provides protections for rural women and their special problems, ensuring the right of women to participate in development programs, "to have access to adequate health care facilities," "to participate in all community activities," "to have access to agricultural credit" and "to enjoy adequate living conditions." [5]
The resolution, "Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to equal rights for men and women", reads, in part: [1] Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States ...
The United States is the only industrialized democracy that does not ensure rights for women in its federal constitution. [1] Although the required 38 states have passed the amendment as of 2020, the U.S. archivist has not ratified the amendment due to a congressionally-set ratification deadline of March 22, 1979, which some state approvals surpassed. [4]
Likewise, some states were more favorable to women's legal status than others; New York, for example, had been giving women full property, parental, and widow's rights since 1860, but not the right to vote. [35] No state or territory allowed women's suffrage when the Equal Protection Clause took effect in 1868. [36]
An amendment to the Constitution requires three-quarters of states, or 38, to ratify it. Virginia in 2020 became the 38th state to ratify the bill after it sat stagnant for decades.
An lawn sign opposing Missouri’s Amendment 3, paid for by anti-abortion activist Zina Hackworth, is seen in Ladue, Missouri in this reader-submitted photo.
During this time, women continued to advocate for their own rights, holding conventions and passing resolutions demanding the right to vote and hold office. [25] Some preliminary versions of the amendment even included women. [25] However, the final version omitted references to sex, further splintering the women's suffrage movement. [25]