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The Senning procedure is an atrial switch heart operation performed to treat transposition of the great arteries. It is named after its inventor, the Swedish cardiac surgeon Åke Senning (1915–2000), also known for implanting the first permanent cardiac pacemaker in 1958.
Two variants of the atrial switch operation developed – the Senning procedure (1950s) which uses the patient's own tissue (pericardium) to construct the baffle, and the Mustard procedure (1960s), which uses a synthetic material. [4] It has largely been replaced by the arterial switch operation. [4]
Use of the arterial switch is historically preceded by two atrial switch methods: the Senning and Mustard procedures. [ 3 ] The atrial switch, which was an attempt to correct the physiology of transposition, had significant shortcomings that the arterial switch improved upon, in particular a reduced kinking of the coronary arteries when ...
The Mustard procedure was developed in 1963 by Dr. William Mustard at the Hospital for Sick Children.It is similar to the previous atrial baffle used with a Senning procedure, the primary difference being that the Mustard uses a graft made of Dacron or pericardium, while the Senning uses native heart tissue.
In the case of sepsis or late diagnosis, a delayed Arterial Switch can sometimes be made possible by PAB, which may also require a concomitant construction of an aortic-to-pulmonary artery shunt. [2] When an arterial switch is impossible, an atrial switch will be attempted using either the Senning or Mustard procedure. [7]
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In this scenario, a second procedure with an atrial switch is done after recovery from the first intervention. The atrial switch is done via either the Mustard procedure, in which the atrial septum is cut out and a baffle is made with the pericardial baffle, or a Senning procedure, in which the atrial septum itself is used to create the baffle.