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Schemes for data retention do not make provisions for adequate regulation of the data retention process and for independent judicial oversight. [citation needed] Data retention is an invasion of privacy and a disproportionate response to the threat of terrorism. [citation needed] It is easy for terrorists to avoid having their communications ...
The term native files refers to user-created documents, which could be in Microsoft Office or OpenDocument file formats as well as other files stored on computer, but could include video surveillance footage saved on a computer hard drive, computer-aided design files such as blueprints or maps, digital photographs, scanned images, archive files, e-mail, and digital audio files, among other data.
SEC Rule 17a-4 is a regulation issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to its regulatory authority under the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Known simply as the "Exchange Act") which outlines requirements for data retention, indexing, and accessibility for companies which deal in the trade or brokering of financial securities such as stocks, bonds, and futures.
The Data Retention Directive (Directive 2006/24/EC), later declared invalid by the European Court of Justice, was at first passed on 15 March 2006 and regulated data retention, where data has been generated or processed in connection with the provision of publicly available electronic communications services or of public communications networks.
Data retention laws and regulations ask data owners and other service providers to retain extensive records of user activity beyond the time necessary for normal business operations. These requirements have been called into question by privacy rights advocates. [35] Compliance in this area is becoming very difficult.
When data is collected, data subjects must be clearly informed about the extent of data collection, the legal basis for the processing of personal data, how long data is retained, if data is being transferred to a third-party and/or outside the EU, and any automated decision-making that is made on a solely algorithmic basis.
Data holdings are generally the storage methods used in the past when data has been lost due to environmental and other historical disasters. [4] Furthermore, data retention differs from data preservation in the sense that by definition, to retain an object (data) is to hold or keep possession or use of the object. [7]
Retention is allowed for billing purposes but only as long as the statute of limitations allows the payment to be lawfully pursued. Data may be retained upon a user's consent for marketing and value-added services. For both previous uses, the data subject must be informed why and for how long the data is being processed.