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A tornado damage survey, also known as a storm damage assessment, is a type of land survey that is conducted to determine the damage caused by tornadoes, and to give them ratings on the Enhanced Fujita scale. Damage surveys have been used since the 18th century to determine tornado-caused damage, and have become increasingly common following ...
This version was based on a 12-step rating scale. Over the next few years, dozens of tornadoes would be rated on this version of the scale. Most notably, the 2021 South Moravia tornado received a rating (IF4) and full damage survey on the IF-scale conducted by ESSL, the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute and four other organizations. [2]
The 1977 Birmingham–Smithfield F5 tornado's damage was surveyed by Ted Fujita and he "toyed with the idea of rating the Smithfield tornado an F6". [13] In 2001, tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis stated in his book F5–F6 Tornadoes; "In my opinion, if there ever was an F6 tornado caught on video, it was the Pampa, Texas tornado of 1995". [14]
An EF4 tornado with wind speeds ranging from 166 to 200 mph can cause devastating damage. Most to all walls on a well-built house will likely collapse, and high-rise buildings can sustain ...
A tornado caused moderate damage to buildings and trees. The tornado was given an F1 rating on the fujita scale, and an IF1 rating on the IF scale [3] ESSL: IF1+ October 21 2021 Netherlands Zuid-Holland: Barendrecht: A tornado associated with Storm Aurore hit Barendrecht. Roof tiles were stripped off homes, trees were uprooted & cars were moved.
The tornado was on the ground for 9 miles (14 km), and along this path it destroyed numerous buildings and damaged hundreds more. The tornado was the first violent tornado to hit the city since 1974, when an F5 tornado would move along a near-parallel path, devastating Xenia. Safety actions taken by the city of Xenia prior to the event were ...
Tornadoes are rated after they have passed and have been examined, not whilst in progress. In rating the intensity of a tornado, both direct measurements and inferences from empirical observations of the effects of a tornado are used. Few anemometers are struck by a tornado, and even fewer survive, so there are very few in-situ measurements.
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