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The main causes of obstructed labour include a large or abnormally positioned baby, a small pelvis, and problems with the birth canal. [2] Both the size and the position of the fetus can lead to obstructed labor. Abnormal positioning includes shoulder dystocia where the anterior shoulder does not pass easily below the pubic bone. [2]
Fetal abnormalities are conditions that affect a fetus or embryo, are able to be diagnosed prenatally, and may be fatal or cause disease after birth. They may include aneuploidies, structural abnormalities, or neoplasms. Acardiac twin; Achondrogenesis; Achondroplasia
As in labour with a baby in a normal head-down position, uterine contractions typically occur at regular intervals and gradually the cervix begins to thin and open. [31] In the more common breech presentations, the baby's bottom (rather than feet or knees) is what is first to descend through the maternal pelvis and emerge from the vagina.
In this position, the back is curved, the head is bowed, and the limbs are bent and drawn up to the torso. A compact position is typical for fetuses. Many newborn mammals, especially rodents, remain in a fetal position well after birth. This type of compact position is used in the medical profession to minimize injury to the neck and chest.
Women who have already given birth have more relaxed uterine muscles that are consequently more sensitive to fetal motion, and for them fetal motion can sometimes be felt as early as 14 weeks. [ 18 ] By about week 21, the fetus begins to develop a regular schedule of movement. [ 17 ]
They are referred to as upright birth positions. [3] Understanding the physical effects of each birthing position on the mother and baby is important. However, the psychological effects are crucial as well. Knowledge about birthing positions can help mothers choose the option they are most comfortable with.
Mom four Faustina Cavero saw her 5-month-old baby make an odd movement and knew something was wrong. She was dismissed by two ERs before getting a diagnosis.
Since its initial characterization, Potter sequence has been defined into five distinct subclassifications. There are those in the medical and research fields that use the term Potter sequence to specifically refer to only cases of BRA, while other groups use the term to loosely refer to all instances of oligohydramnios and anhydramnios regardless of the specific cause.