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Mechanical ventilation is the intentional fan-driven flow of outdoor air into and/or out from a building. Mechanical ventilation systems may include supply fans (which push outdoor air into a building), exhaust [3] fans (which draw air out of a building and thereby cause equal ventilation flow into a building), or a combination of both (called ...
Predictive controls have a ‘prediction horizon’ which is the amount of time ahead that an OCC will need to change a setpoint or ventilation rate to achieve a certain temperature or indoor air quality level. The needed prediction horizon for an OCC will vary depending on the response time of the building. [9]
The ventilation system of a regular earthship Dogtrot houses are designed to maximise natural ventilation. A roof turbine ventilator, colloquially known as a 'Whirly Bird' is an application of wind driven ventilation. Passive ventilation is the process of supplying air to and removing air from an indoor space without using mechanical systems.
The stack effect is used both in traditional buildings and modern green architecture. Examples of traditional usage include the wind towers common in Middle Eastern architecture, which capture and direct cooler breezes into the building while expelling hot air to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures. [9]
This creates appreciable buoyancy forces. Buildings may be designed to spontaneously increase ventilation at night. Courtyards in hot climates fill with cold air at night. This cold air then flows from the courtyard into adjacent rooms. [16] The cold night air will flow in easily, as it is more dense than the rising warm air it is displacing. [14]:
Ventilative cooling is the use of natural or mechanical ventilation to cool indoor spaces. [1] The use of outside air reduces the cooling load and the energy consumption of these systems, while maintaining high quality indoor conditions; passive ventilative cooling may eliminate energy consumption.
Air changes per hour is a measurement intended to communicate the air change effectiveness of a space’s ventilation system. Discussion around the ASHRAE standard 62, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality led to the development of a more direct method of measuring air change effectiveness with the use of a tracer gas. [1]
For all buildings, infiltration can be reduced via sealing cracks in a building's envelope, and for new construction or major renovations, by installing continuous air retarders. In buildings where forced ventilation is provided, their HVAC designers typically choose to slightly pressurize the buildings by admitting more outside air than ...