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Attar, also known as ittar, is an essential oil derived from botanical or other natural sources. Most commonly these oils are extracted via hydrodistillation or steam distillation . The Persian physician Ibn Sina was the first to derive the attar of flowers from distillation. [ 1 ]
Attar, or Ittar is a traditional perfume made from botanical sources. It is still available in the bazaars near Charminar and at the Moazam Jahi Market. Many of the older generations still prefer attar over modern perfumes. [64] [65] [66] [67]
In Hindi, it is known as agar, which is derived originally from the Sanskrit aguru. [23] [24] In Sinhala Agarwood producing Gyrinops walla tree is known as "Walla Patta" (වල්ල පට්ට). In Tamil it is called aghi (அகில்) though what was referred in ancient Tamil literature could well be Excoecaria agallocha.
The perfume references are part of a larger text called Brihat-Samhita written by Varāhamihira, an Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer living in the city of Ujjain. He was one of the ‘nine jewels’ in the court of Vikramaditya. The perfume portion mainly deals with the manufacture of perfumes to benefit ‘royal personages’.
Attar (Arabic: عطار, ʿAṭṭār) is both an Arabic given name and a surname that refers to the occupations apothecary, pharmacist, spice dealer, or perfumer. There is an exaggerated form related to this name, Atir or Ater ( عاطِر ‘āṭir), meaning "perfumed, sweet-smelling, aromatic, fragrant", which is used rarely.
Before the development of the technique of distilling rose water, rose petals were already used in Persian cuisine to perfume and flavour dishes. [6] Rose water likely originated in Persia, [7] [8] [9] where it is known as gulāb (گلاب), from gul (گل rose) and ab (آب water). The term was adopted into Medieval Greek as zoulápin. [10]
Kannauj Perfume is listed as item 157 of the GI Act 1999, which was passed by the Government of India. [2] Kannauj's perfume sector has a storied history. Due to the role of perfume production in Kannauj, the city is known as "the perfume capital of India". Additionally, one writer said that "Kannauj is to India what Grasse is to France".
عطر ʿitr [ʕitˤr] (listen ⓘ), perfume, aroma. The English word came from the Hindi/Urdu-speaking area of northeast India in the late 18th century and its source was the Hindi/Urdu atr | itr = "perfume", [62] which had come from the Persian ʿitr = "perfume", and the Persian had come medievally from the Arabic ʿitr. [63] aubergine