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A generalized tonic–clonic seizure, commonly known as a grand mal seizure or GTCS, [1] is a type of generalized seizure that produces bilateral, convulsive tonic and clonic muscle contractions. Tonic–clonic seizures are the seizure type most commonly associated with epilepsy and seizures in general and the most common seizure associated ...
Tonic-clonic seizures occur with a contraction of the limbs followed by their extension and arching of the back which lasts 10–30 seconds (the tonic phase). A cry may be heard due to contraction of the chest muscles, followed by a shaking of the limbs in unison (clonic phase). Tonic seizures produce constant contractions of the muscles.
These children may also contend with feelings of depression, stemming from the emotional toll of epilepsy-related stressors. [56] The constant awareness of potential seizures can create a persistent state of alertness, leading to chronic stress. Social stigma adds another layer of complexity to the mental health of children with epilepsy.
A seizure is a sudden change in behavior, movement or consciousness due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. [3] [6] Seizures can look different in different people. It can be uncontrolled shaking of the whole body (tonic-clonic seizures) or a person spacing out for a few seconds (absence seizures).
A familial history of seizures puts a person at a greater risk of developing them. [12] [13] Generalized seizures have been broadly classified into two categories: motor and non-motor. [8] A generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS), also known as a grand mal seizure, is a whole-body seizure that has a tonic phase followed by clonic muscle ...
Pre-ictal refers to the state immediately before the actual seizure, stroke, or headache. Post-ictal refers to the state shortly after the event. Interictal refers to the period between seizures, or convulsions, that are characteristic of an epilepsy disorder. For most people with epilepsy, the interictal state corresponds to more than 99% of ...
Tonic-clonic seizures begin as symmetrical bilateral body stiffening (tonic phase) followed by rhythmic jerks (clonic phase). [6] Myoclonic, atonic, tonic, and myoclonic-atonic seizures may cause abrupt falls, called drop attacks, similar to cataplexy. [8] Automatism seizures occur with repetitive stereotyped behaviors.
Benign Rolandic epilepsy or self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (formerly benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS)) is the most common epilepsy syndrome in childhood. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Most children will outgrow the syndrome (it starts around the age of 3–13 with a peak around 8–9 years and stops around age 14 ...