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In the 3rd century, Western Europe started to be invaded by Germanic tribes from the north and the east, and some of the groups settled in Gaul.In the history of the French language, the most important groups are the Franks in much of northern France, the Alemanni in the modern German/French border area (), the Burgundians in the Rhône (and the Saone) Valley, the Suebi in the Spanish ...
The term Frankish or Franconian (Standard High German: Fränkisch, Dutch: Frankisch) is a modern linguistic category first introduced by the German linguist Wilhelm Braune (1850–1926) to designate historical West Germanic texts which he could not readily classify as belonging to either Low Saxon, Alemannic or Bavarian. [24]
In modern German, long-short vowel pairs still exist but are also distinct in quality. Proto-Germanic probably had a more general S-O-V-I word order. However, the tendency toward V2 order may have already been present in latent form and may be related to Wackernagel's law , an Indo-European law dictating that sentence clitics must be placed second.
French is a Romance language descended primarily from the Vulgar Latin adopted by the Gauls and the Belgae, spoken in the late Roman Empire.However, starting in the 3rd century northern Gaul from the Rhine southward to the Loire was gradually co-populated by a Germanic confederacy, the Franks, culminating after the departure of the Roman administration in a re-unification by the first ...
French dialects remain spoken by minorities on the Channel Islands; it is also spoken in Andorra and is the main language after Catalan in El Pas de la Casa. The language is taught as the primary second language in the German state of Saarland, with French being taught from pre-school and over 43% of citizens being able to speak French. [49] [50]
The highly diverse Nilo-Saharan languages, first proposed as a family by Joseph Greenberg in 1963 might have originated in the Upper Paleolithic. [1] Given the presence of a tripartite number system in modern Nilo-Saharan languages, linguist N.A. Blench inferred a noun classifier in the proto-language, distributed based on water courses in the Sahara during the "wet period" of the Neolithic ...
The modern era of French education began in the 1790s. The Revolution in the 1790s abolished the traditional universities. [69] Napoleon sought to replace them with new institutions, the École Polytechnique, focused on technology. [70] The elementary schools received little attention.
In the early modern period, colleges were established by various Catholic orders, notably the Oratorians.In parallel, universities further developed in France. Louis XIV's Ordonnance royale sur les écoles paroissiales of 13 December 1698 obliged parents to send their children to the village schools until their 14th year of age, ordered the villages to organise these schools, and set the wages ...