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2. BIOS - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

   In computing, BIOS (/ ˈ b aɪ ɒ s,-oʊ s /, BY-oss, -⁠ohss; Basic Input/Output System, also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, BIOS ROM or PC BIOS) is a type of firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup). [1]

3. Micro-Star International - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-Star_International

   Secondary logo. Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. (commonly known as MSI; Chinese: 微星科技股份有限公司) is a Taiwanese multinational information technology corporation headquartered in New Taipei City, Taiwan.

4. Power-on self-test - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test

   Typical POST screen (AMI BIOS) Typical UEFI-compliant BIOS POST screen (Phoenix Technologies BIOS) Summary screen after POST and before booting an operating system (AMI BIOS) A power-on self-test ( POST ) is a process performed by firmware or software routines immediately after a computer or other digital electronic device is powered on.

5. UEFI - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFI

   Standard PC BIOS is limited to a 16-bit processor mode and 1 MB of addressable memory space, resulting from the design based on the IBM 5150 that used a 16-bit Intel 8088 processor. [ 8 ] [ 34 ] In comparison, the processor mode in a UEFI environment can be either 32-bit ( IA-32 , AArch32) or 64-bit ( x86-64 , Itanium, and AArch64).

6. System Management BIOS - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Management_BIOS

   Version 1 of the Desktop Management BIOS (DMIBIOS) specification was produced by Phoenix Technologies in or before 1996. [5] [6] Version 2.0 of the Desktop Management BIOS specification was released on March 6, 1996 by American Megatrends (AMI), Award Software, Dell, Intel, Phoenix Technologies, and SystemSoft Corporation. It introduced 16-bit ...

7. American Megatrends - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Megatrends

   American Megatrends Inc., doing business as AMI, is an international hardware and software company, specializing in PC hardware and firmware. [3] The company was founded in 1985 by Pat Sarma and Subramonian Shankar. [4]

8. Windows Installer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Installer

   When an MSI-based program is launched, Windows Installer checks the existence of key paths. If there is a mismatch between the current system state and the value specified in the MSI package (e.g., a key file is missing), the related feature is re-installed. This process is known as self-healing or self-repair. No two components should use the ...

9. Message Signaled Interrupts - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_Signaled_Interrupts

   FreeBSD 6.3 and 7.0 released in 2008 added support for MSI and MSI-X. [17] OpenBSD 5.0 released in 2011 added support for MSI. [18] 6.0 added support for MSI-X. [19] Linux gained support for MSI and MSI-X around 2003. [20] Linux kernel versions before 2.6.20 are known to have serious bugs and limitations in their implementation of MSI/MSI-X. [21]