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In 1669, Charles II revived talks on "political union"; his motives may have been to weaken Scotland's commercial and political links with the Dutch, still seen as an enemy and complete the work of his grandfather James I and VI. [16] On the Scottish side, the proposed union received parliamentary support, boosted by the desire to ensure free ...
Personal union with the Duchy of Milan under the rule of Louis XII (1499–1500 and 1500–1512) and Francis I (1515–1521 and 1524–1525). Personal union with the Kingdom of Scotland under the rule of Francis II (1559–1560). Personal union with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth under the rule of Henry III (1574–1575).
William III (William Henry; Dutch: Willem Hendrik; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), [c] also known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 1672, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702.
William III and Mary II depicted on the ceiling of the Painted Hall, Greenwich.. In 1685, James' position in Scotland was more secure than it was in England. The 1681 Scottish Succession and Test Acts made obedience to the monarch a legal obligation, 'regardless of religion' but in return confirmed the primacy of the Church of Scotland, or Kirk.
Great Britain, also known as the Kingdom of Great Britain, [4] was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1707 [5] to the end of 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the Kingdom of England (including Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its ...
The royal arms of Mary, Queen of Scots incorporated into the Tolbooth in Leith (1565) and now in South Leith Parish Church. Government in early modern Scotland included all forms of administration, from the crown, through national institutions, to systems of local government and the law, between the early sixteenth century and the mid-eighteenth century.
Through Fagel he met the Prince of Orange, the future King William III of England and II of Scotland, and began to take an active part in politics. [2] During the Third Anglo-Dutch War, Carstares acted as an intelligence agent for the Prince of Orange, making journeys to England as "William Williams". He corresponded with Pierre du Moulin (died ...
The English Convention was an assembly of the Parliament of England which met between 22 January and 12 February 1689 (1688 old style, so its legislation was labelled with that earlier year) and transferred the crowns of England and Ireland from James II to William III and Mary II.