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Bromine water, Br 2. Bromine water is an oxidizing, intense brown mixture containing diatomic bromine (Br 2) dissolved in water (H 2 O). [1] It is often used as a reactive in chemical assays of recognition for substances which react with bromine in an aqueous environment with the halogenation mechanism, mainly unsaturated carbon compounds (carbon compounds with 1 or more double or triple bond(s)).
Organobromides are the most common organohalides in nature, even though the concentration of bromide is only 0.3% of that for chloride in sea water, because of the easy oxidation of bromide to the equivalent of Br +, a potent electrophile. The enzyme bromoperoxidase catalyzes this reaction. [52]
The classic case is sodium bromide, which fully dissociates in water: NaBr → Na + + Br −. Hydrogen bromide, which is a diatomic molecule, takes on salt-like properties upon contact with water to give an ionic solution called hydrobromic acid. The process is often described simplistically as involving formation of the hydronium salt of bromide:
Organobromides are the most common organohalides in nature, even though the concentration of bromide is only 0.3% of that for chloride in sea water, because of the easy oxidation of bromide to the equivalent of Br +, a potent electrophile. The enzyme bromoperoxidase catalyzes this reaction. [16]
Dihydrate salt (NaBr·2H 2 O) crystallize out of water solution below 50.7 °C. [8] NaBr is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide. Sodium bromide can be used as a source of the chemical element bromine. This can be accomplished by treating an aqueous solution of NaBr with chlorine gas: 2 NaBr + Cl 2 → Br 2 + 2 NaCl
Heterogeneous OER is sensitive to the surface in which the reaction takes place and is also affected by the pH of the solution. The general mechanism for acidic and alkaline solutions is shown below. Under acidic conditions water binds to the surface with the irreversible removal of one electron and one proton to form a platinum hydroxide. [4]
Bromates are formed many different ways in municipal drinking water. The most common is the reaction of ozone and bromide: Br − + O 3 → BrO − 3. Electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis of brine without a membrane operating to form hypochlorite, will also produce bromate when bromide ion is present in the brine solution.
At 20 °C the reaction is rapid. [2] Br 2 + 2 OH − (aq) → Br − + BrO − + H 2 O. In this reaction the bromine disproportionates (some undergoes reduction and some oxidation) from oxidation state 0 (Br 2) to oxidation state −1 (Br −) and oxidation state +1 (BrO −). Sodium hypobromite can be isolated as an orange solid.