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In jawed vertebrates, the mandible (from the Latin mandibula, 'for chewing'), lower jaw, or jawbone is a bone that makes up the lower – and typically more mobile – component of the mouth (the upper jaw being known as the maxilla). The jawbone is the skull's only movable, posable bone, sharing joints with the cranium's temporal bones.
When the lower jaw is pushed anteriorly as far as possible with some teeth in contact, it is said to be maximum protrusion. In Posselt's border movement diagram, maximum protrusion is the most anterior based on the sagittal view. Condyles are in the most anterior position and determined partly by stylomandibular ligaments. [8]
The facial skeleton comprises the facial bones that may attach to build a portion of the skull. [1] The remainder of the skull is the neurocranium.. In human anatomy and development, the facial skeleton is sometimes called the membranous viscerocranium, which comprises the mandible and dermatocranial elements that are not part of the braincase.
In the ape, there is a reinforcement to the lower jaw bone called the simian shelf. In the evolution of the mammalian jaw, two of the bones of the jaw structure (the articular bone of the lower jaw, and quadrate ) were reduced in size and incorporated into the ear , while many others have been fused together. [ 3 ]
The alveolar bone is the bone of the jaw which forms the alveolus around teeth. [37] Like any other bone in the human body, alveolar bone is modified throughout life. Osteoblasts create bone and osteoclasts destroy it, especially if force is placed on a tooth. [32]
"Anatomy diagram: 34256.000-2". Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 2013-06-11. Anatomy image: skel/mandible2 at Human Anatomy Lecture (Biology 129), Pennsylvania State University
The alveolar bone proper, also called bundle bone, directly surrounds the teeth. [6] The terms alveolar border, alveolar crest, and alveolar margin describe the extreme rim of the bone nearest to the crowns of the teeth. [7] [8] [9] The portion of alveolar bone between two adjacent teeth is known as the interdental septum (or interdental bone ...
Torus mandibularis seen at axial CT and volume rendering. Torus mandibularis is a bony growth in the mandible along the surface nearest to the tongue.Mandibular tori usually are present near the premolars and above the location on the mandible of the mylohyoid muscle attachment. [1]