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The Iraq Museum (Arabic: المتحف العراقي) is the national museum of Iraq, located in Baghdad. It is sometimes informally called the National Museum of Iraq. The Iraq Museum contains precious relics from the Mesopotamian, Abbasid, and Persian civilizations. [1] It was looted during and after the 2003 Invasion of Iraq.
The Akkadian Empire (/ ə ˈ k eɪ d i ən /) [2] was the ever first Empire of the world, [3] succeeding the long-lived city-states of Sumer.Centered on the city of Akkad (/ ˈ æ k æ d /) [4] and its surrounding region, the empire united Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule and exercised significant influence across Mesopotamia, the Levant, and Anatolia, sending military expeditions ...
Ziggurat of Ur. The Renaissance of Sumer is a period of the history of Mesopotamia that includes the years between the fall of the Akkadian Empire and the period of the Amorite dynasties of Isin and Larsa—both with governments of Semitic origin—between the centuries 22nd B.C. and 21st B.C.
Sumer was conquered by the Semitic-speaking kings of the Akkadian Empire around 2270 BC (short chronology), but Sumerian continued as a sacred language. Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Third Dynasty of Ur at approximately 2100–2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use for some time.
The armies of Sumer could have thousands of soldiers; some city states could field armies five thousand or six thousand men strong. [1] In ancient Sumerian militaries, the king was the supreme commander of the army. However, smaller units were commanded by lower ranking officers. [6] Generals were valued in the ancient Akkadian military.
The history of Sumer spans through the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumer was the region's earliest known civilization and ended with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BCE.
The Sumerian king list suggests that the Guti ruled over Sumer for several generations following the fall of the Akkadian Empire. [ 3 ] By the mid 1st millennium BCE , use of the name "Gutium", by the people of lowland Mesopotamia , was extended to include all foreigners from northwestern Iran , between the Zagros Mountains and the Tigris River .
The Sumer–Elam war took place across present-day Iraq and Iran and is one of the earliest conflicts for which contemporaneous, anecdotal evidence exists, though details of this war are slight. Fought between the forces of Sumer and Elam, it began c. 2600 BC. [1] [2] The written sources on the conflict are the earliest mentioning Elam's ...