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Eclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by seizures in the setting of pre-eclampsia. [17] Most women have premonitory signs/symptoms in the hours before the initial seizure. Typically the woman develops hypertension before the onset of a convulsion (seizure). [18] Other signs and symptoms include: [19]
Magnesium sulfate as a medication is used to treat and prevent low blood magnesium and seizures in women with eclampsia. [1] It is also used in the treatment of torsades de pointes, severe asthma exacerbations, constipation, and barium poisoning. [1] [2] It is given by injection into a vein or muscle as well as by mouth.
HELLP syndrome occurs in about 0.7% of pregnancies and affects about 15% of women with eclampsia or severe pre-eclampsia. [5] [2] Death of the mother is uncommon (< 1%). [1] [3] Outcomes in the babies are generally related to how premature they are at birth. [1] The syndrome was first named in 1982 by American gynaecologist Louis Weinstein. [2]
In women with preeclampsia or eclampsia, magnesium sulfate is often prescribed to prevent the occurrence of seizures in the gestational parent. [13] Treatment should be continued from the time of diagnosis to several weeks postpartum , given the increased risk of medical complications immediately following delivery of the fetus. [ 25 ]
Severe pre-eclampsia involves a BP over 160/110 (with additional signs). It affects 5–8% of pregnancies. [20] Eclampsia – seizures in a pre-eclamptic patient, affect around 1.4% of pregnancies. [21] Gestational hypertension can develop after 20 weeks but has no other symptoms, and later rights itself, but it can develop into pre-eclampsia. [22]
Up to two-thirds of RCVS cases are associated with an underlying condition or exposure, particularly vasoactive or recreational drug use, complications of pregnancy (eclampsia and pre-eclampsia), and the adjustment period following childbirth called puerperium. [1] Vasoactive drug use is found in about 50% of cases. [6]