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1850 – Clausius gives the first clear joint statement of the first and second law of thermodynamics, abandoning the caloric theory, but preserving Carnot's principle; 1851 – Thomson gives an alternative statement of the second law
The history of thermodynamics is a fundamental strand in the history of physics, the history of chemistry, and the history of science in general. Due to the relevance of thermodynamics in much of science and technology, its history is finely woven with the developments of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, magnetism, and chemical kinetics, to more distant applied fields such as ...
Clausius restated the two laws of thermodynamics to overcome this contradiction. This paper made him famous among scientists. (The third law was developed by Walther Nernst, during the years 1906–1912). Clausius's most famous statement of the second law of thermodynamics was published in German in 1854, [10] and in English in 1856. [11]
Rudolf Clausius - originator of the concept of "entropy". In his 1854 memoir, Clausius first develops the concepts of interior work, i.e. that "which the atoms of the body exert upon each other", and exterior work, i.e. that "which arise from foreign influences [to] which the body may be exposed", which may act on a working body of fluid or gas, typically functioning to work a piston.
1850–51 – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin & Rudolf Clausius: Second law of thermodynamics; 1857 – Rudolf Clausius: Introduced translational, rotational, and vibrational molecular motions; 1857 – Rudolf Clausius: Introduced the concept of mean free path; 1860 – James Clerk Maxwell: Introduced statistical mechanics with the Maxwell ...
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, ... Clausius, who first stated the ... Timeline of thermodynamics; Thermodynamic equations;
Clausius–Clapeyron relation; Departure functions; Duhem–Margules equation; Ehrenfest equations; Gibbs–Helmholtz equation; Phase rule; Kopp's law; Noro–Frenkel law of corresponding states; Onsager reciprocal relations; Stefan number; Thermodynamics; Timeline of thermodynamics; Triple product rule; Exact differential
1843: James Prescott Joule: Law of Conservation of energy (First law of thermodynamics), also 1847 – Helmholtz, Conservation of energy. 1846: Johann Gottfried Galle and Heinrich Louis d'Arrest: discovery of Neptune. 1847: George Boole: publishes The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, defining Boolean algebra; refined in his 1854 The Laws of Thought.