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Problems with balance can occur when there is a disruption in any of the vestibular, visual, or proprioceptive systems. Abnormalities in balance function may indicate a wide range of pathologies from causes like inner ear disorders, low blood pressure, brain tumors, and brain injury including stroke.
Normally, people are unaware of their muscle tone in their daily activities. The body maintains the balance between the tone of flexor and extensor muscle groups. Sometimes, in normal, healthy people, that tone is lost either in flexors or extensor muscle groups in isolation, temporarily and intermittently resulting in muscle cramps. Treating ...
Since this system regulates posture and skeletal muscle tone, a result is the characteristic bradykinesia of Parkinson's. Tardive dyskinesia : involuntary muscle movements in the lower face and distal extremities; this can be a chronic condition associated with long-term use of antipsychotics.
Hypokinesia is characterized by a partial or complete loss of muscle movement due to a disruption in the basal ganglia. [citation needed] Hypokinesia is a symptom of Parkinson's disease shown as muscle rigidity and an inability to produce movement. It is also associated with mental health disorders and prolonged inactivity due to illness ...
While multiple muscles in a limb are usually affected in the Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome, there is usually an imbalance of muscle activity (muscle tone), such that there is a stronger pull on one side of a joint, such as into elbow flexion. Decreasing the degree of this imbalance is a common focus of muscle strengthening programs.
Central nervous system depression is generally caused by the improper or excessive use of depressant drugs [1] such as opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, general anesthetics, anticonvulsants, and certain sleep medications. These drugs, although useful for treating severe cases of depression that may manifest as CNS depression, can easily ...
Another review asserted that evidence from clinical trials supports the efficacy of physical exercise as a treatment for depression over a 2–4 month period. [5] These benefits have also been noted in old age, with a review conducted in 2019 finding that exercise is an effective treatment for clinically diagnosed depression in older adults. [102]
Individuals with muscular weakness, occult instability, and decreased postural control are more susceptible to ankle injury than those with better postural control. Balance can be severely affected in individuals with neurological conditions. People who suffer a stroke or spinal cord injury for example, can struggle with this ability. Impaired ...