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Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world. These patterns recur in different contexts and can sometimes be modelled mathematically . Natural patterns include symmetries , trees , spirals , meanders , waves , foams , tessellations , cracks and stripes. [ 1 ]
Satyrium carneum.Ground orchid with typical zygomorphic floral anatomy. Zygomorphic ("yoke shaped", "bilateral" – from the Greek ζυγόν, zygon, yoke, and μορφή, morphe, shape) flowers can be divided by only a single plane into two mirror-image halves, much like a yoke or a person's face.
ABC model of flower development guided by three groups of homeotic genes. The ABC model of flower development is a scientific model of the process by which flowering plants produce a pattern of gene expression in meristems that leads to the appearance of an organ oriented towards sexual reproduction, a flower.
Parastichy, in phyllotaxy, is the spiral pattern of particular plant organs on some plants, such as areoles on cacti stems, florets in sunflower heads and scales in pine cones. [1] These spirals involve the insertion of a single primordium .
A flower that is not part of an inflorescence is called a solitary flower and its stalk is also referred to as a peduncle. Any flower in an inflorescence may be referred to as a floret, especially when the individual flowers are particularly small and borne in a tight cluster, such as in a pseudanthium.
The morphology of most flowers (called cyclic flowers) is based on four types of whorls: The calyx: zero or more whorls of sepals at the base; The corolla: zero or more whorls of petals above the calyx; The androecium: zero or more whorls of stamens, each comprising a filament and an anther
Flowers have specifically adapted to consistently target a particular pollinator as their hue or intensity of coloration is in the peak wavelength for their pollinator to see and be attracted to. [5] A flower’s size, shape, color, scent, and pattern all play a role in signaling with the senses of pollinators. [2]
These patterns are sometimes visible to humans; for instance, the Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria genistifolia) has yellow flowers with orange nectar guides. [5] However, in some plants, such as sunflowers, they are visible only when viewed in ultraviolet light. Under ultraviolet, the flowers have a darker center, where the nectaries are located ...