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The Sandmeyer reaction can also be used to convert aryl amines to phenols proceeding through the formation of an aryl diazonium salt. In the presence of copper catalyst, such as copper(I) oxide , and an excess of copper(II) nitrate , this reaction takes place readily at room temperature neutral water. [ 28 ]
Iodobenzene is commercially available, or it can be prepared in the laboratory from aniline via the diazotization reaction. In the first step, the amine functional group is diazotized with hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite. Potassium iodide is added to the resultant phenyldiazonium chloride, causing nitrogen gas to evolve. The product is ...
Bromobenzene is prepared by the action of bromine on benzene in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts such as aluminium chloride or ferric bromide. [3] Bromobenzene is used to introduce a phenyl group into other compounds. One method involves its conversion to the Grignard reagent, phenylmagnesium bromide.
All three have been synthesized by various routes: 1-Bromo-2-chlorobenzene: from 2-chloroaniline, via diazotization followed by a Sandmeyer reaction [1]; 1-Bromo-3-chlorobenzene: by (3-chlorophenyl)trimethylgermanium by electrophilic substitution [2] [better source needed]
To convert from / to / ... Aniline [2] 29.14 0.1486 Argon: 1.355 0.03201 Benzene: ... Hydrogen chloride: 3.716 0.04081 Hydrogen cyanide [2] 11.29
4-Bromoaniline is a compound where an aniline molecule is substituted with a bromine atom on the para position. Commercially available, this compound may be used as a building block, e.g. in the preparation of monobrominated biphenyl via the Gomberg-Bachmann reaction .
For example, aniline has resonance structures with negative charges around the ring system: The amino group can donate electron density through resonance. Attack occurs at ortho and para positions, because the (partial) formal negative charges at these positions indicate a local electron excess.
The conversion can be effected by many reagents. The nitro group was one of the first functional groups to be reduced. Alkyl and aryl nitro compounds behave differently. Most useful is the reduction of aryl nitro compounds.