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Eclampsia is the onset of seizures (convulsions) in a woman with pre-eclampsia. [1] Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that presents with three main features: new onset of high blood pressure , large amounts of protein in the urine or other organ dysfunction, and edema .
In women with preeclampsia or eclampsia, magnesium sulfate is often prescribed to prevent the occurrence of seizures in the gestational parent. [13] Treatment should be continued from the time of diagnosis to several weeks postpartum given the increased risk of medical complications immediately following delivery of the fetus. [24]
Magnesium sulfate as a medication is used to treat and prevent low blood magnesium and seizures in women with eclampsia. [1] It is also used in the treatment of torsades de pointes, severe asthma exacerbations, constipation, and barium poisoning. [1] [2] It is given by injection into a vein or muscle as well as by mouth.
Those with PRES with seizures are treated using standard anticonvulsants used in other seizure disorders as there are no specific medications specific to PRES with seizures. [2] [1] However, in those with PRES due to pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, IV magnesium sulfate is the preferred medication for both seizures and hypertension. [2]
As a bronchodilator after beta-agonist and anticholinergic agents have been tried, e.g. in severe exacerbations of asthma. [4]Obstetrics: Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent seizures in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia, and is also used for fetal neuroprotection in preterm deliveries, but has been shown to be an ineffective tocolytic agent.
Other treatments may include anti-seizure medications. [2] Hypertensive encephalopathy is uncommon. [2] It is believed to occur more often in those without easy access to health care. [2] The term was first used by Oppenheimer and Fishberg in 1928. [5] [6] It is classified as a type of hypertensive emergency. [4]