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Other permitted grape varieties are Sauvignon gris, Ugni blanc, Colombard, Merlot blanc, Ondenc and Mauzac. Recently permitted by Bordeaux wineries, three new white grapes have been added: Alvarinho, Petit Manseng, and Liliorila. [15] In the late 1960s Sémillon was the most planted grape in Bordeaux.
Furthermore, wine can only be made from grape varieties listed as allowed, and only those vine varieties may be planted for commercial purposes. Each EU member state draws up such lists of varieties, which may only contain purebred Vitis vinifera varieties, and certain crosses between V. vinifera and other species of the Vitis genus. [10]
Since 2021, Castets is one of six new grape varieties that have been approved in Bordeaux in order to be prepared for the effects of climate change on viticulture. [2] Winegrowers in Bordeaux are allowed to plant up to five percent of the cultivated area (5500 hectares) with the new grape varieties
The grape is also known as Grande Vidure, a historic Bordeaux synonym, [2] although current European Union regulations prohibit imports under this name into the European Union. [3] Along with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Malbec and Petit Verdot, Carménère is considered one of the original six red grapes of Bordeaux. [4] [5]
The end of apartheid sparked a wave of investment and innovation in the vineyards of the Cape, although there remains large areas of undistinguished grape varieties such as Colombard. Stellenbosch and Paarl can produce world-class wines from the Bordeaux varieties, Shiraz and also from Pinotage, a variety bred locally from Pinot noir and Cinsaut.
In the European Union (EU), much of the wine law is common to all countries through the European Union wine regulations which is a part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). [6] The CAP Wine Regime consists of a set of rules that govern the wine sector, with the aim of achieving a balanced and open market.
In the 2004-2005 vintage, total European Union wine production was around 184 million hectoliters (4.8 billion gallons) which accounted for nearly 70% of total worldwide production. Of that total, nearly 55% was classified as table wine with 4% used in the production of grape-based distilled spirits such as Armagnac and Cognac.
The hybrid grape Merzling created by a crossing Seyve-Villard 5276 with a cross Riesling × Pinot gris.. During the first half of the 20th century, various breeding programs were developed in an attempt to deal with the consequences of the Phylloxera louse, which was responsible for the destruction of European vineyards from 1863 onwards.