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Herpes simplex virions. Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV 1 and HSV 2) are part of the alpha subfamily of herpesviruses. The lytic phase of infection occurs within mucoepithelial cells while the latent infection of these cells occurs in neurons. These two viruses are the cause of oral and genital herpes. [4]
Histological examination of the skin lesions reveals infiltrating lymphocytes most of which are T cells and a minority of which are NK- or B- cells. [25] In the skin lesions, EBV occurs primarily in the T cells [1] and to a lesser extent NK cells. [16] Marker studies indicate that the EBV in these cells is in latency phase II. [1]
Herpes simplex viruses can affect areas of skin exposed to contact with an infected person. An example of this is herpetic whitlow , which is a herpes infection on the fingers; it was commonly found on dental surgeon 's hands before the routine use of gloves when treating patients.
HHV-7 infection also leads to or is associated with a number of other symptoms, including acute febrile respiratory disease, fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, low lymphocyte counts, [7] and febrile seizures, [8] though most often no symptoms present at all.
Nine herpesvirus types are known to primarily infect humans, [7] at least five of which are extremely widespread among most human populations, and which cause common diseases: herpes simplex 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, also known as HHV-1 and HHV-2; both of which can cause orolabial and genital herpes), varicella zoster (VZV or HHV-3; the cause ...
A viral infection can directly cause encephalitis or trigger a cascade ending in autoimmunity, with both mechanisms eventually leading to a rise in CSF lymphocyte concentration. [citation needed] For patients with Herpes simplex virus, more than 90% are found to have lymphocytic pleocytosis of varying levels. [5]
During immunodeficiency, herpes simplex can cause unusual lesions in the skin. One of the most striking is the appearance of clean linear erosions in skin creases, with the appearance of a knife cut. [23] Herpetic sycosis is a recurrent or initial herpes simplex infection affecting primarily the hair follicles.
Herpes gladiatorum is one of the most infectious of herpes-caused diseases, and is transmissible by skin-to-skin contact. The disease was first described in the 1960s in the New England Journal of Medicine. It is caused by contagious infection with human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), [1] which more commonly causes oral herpes (cold sores).