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Mobile phone towers also often take advantage of diversity - each face (sector) of a tower will often have two antennas; one is transmitting and receiving, while the other is a receive only antenna. Two receivers are used to perform diversity reception. Cell antennas on an electricity pylon showing two antennas per sector. The use of multiple ...
When modeling spatial correlation it is useful to employ the Kronecker model, where the correlation between transmit antennas and receive antennas are assumed independent and separable. This model is reasonable when the main scattering appears close to the antenna arrays and has been validated by both outdoor and indoor measurements. [2] [3]
Smart antennas (also known as adaptive array antennas, digital antenna arrays, multiple antennas and, recently, MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal signatures such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use them to calculate beamforming vectors which are used to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target.
Mathematically, automotive navigation is based on the shortest path problem, within graph theory, which examines how to identify the path that best meets some criteria (shortest, cheapest, fastest, etc.) between two points in a large network. Automotive navigation systems are crucial for the development of self-driving cars. [1]
Consider a pair of omnidirectional antennas receiving a signal from a target transmitter. As the signal propagates past the receiver, the amplitude of the signal at the antennas rises and falls. At long distances from the transmitter, well into the "far field", the wavefronts can be considered to be parallel. [17]
Traffic Message Channel (TMC) is a technology for delivering traffic and travel information to motor vehicle drivers.It is digitally coded using the ALERT C or TPEG protocol into Radio Data System (RDS) [1] carried via conventional FM radio broadcasts.