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Mineral processing is the process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores in the field of extractive metallurgy. [1] Depending on the processes used in each instance, it is often referred to as ore dressing or ore milling .
Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to suit various applications, sometimes for direct ...
The heap design usually incorporates collection sumps, which allow the "pregnant" leach solution (i.e. solution with dissolved valuable metals) to be pumped for further processing. An example is gold cyanidation , where pulverized ores are extracted with a solution of sodium cyanide , which, in the presence of air, dissolves the gold, leaving ...
Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce products able to be sold such as pure metals, or intermediate compounds or alloys, suitable as feed for further processing. Examples of elements extracted by pyrometallurgical processes include the oxides of less reactive elements like iron , copper , zinc , chromium , tin , and manganese .
Mineral processing operations are needed firstly to concentrate the mineral phases of interest and reject the unwanted material physical or chemically associated to a defined raw material. The process, however, demand about 30 GJ/tonne of metal, which accounts about 29% of the total energy spent on mining in the USA. [ 1 ]
Mineral processing (or mineral dressing) is a specialized area in the science of metallurgy that studies the mechanical means of crushing, grinding, and washing that enable the separation (extractive metallurgy) of valuable metals or minerals from their gangue (waste material).
Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
Gaudin (left) with Professor Douglas W Fuerstenau in Berkeley in June 1965, one year before his retirement from MIT. Antoine Marc Gaudin (August 8, 1900 – August 23, 1974) was a metallurgist who laid the foundation for understanding the scientific principles of the froth flotation process in the minerals industry.