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English: Connection diagram of the basal ganglia. Glutamatergic pathways are red, dopaminergic pathways are magenta and GABAergic pathways are blue. GPe = Globus Pallidus external; GPi = Globus Pallidus internal; STN = SubThalamic Nucleus; SNpr = Pars Reticulata portion of Substantia Nigra; SNpc = Pars Compacta portion of Substantia Nigra
English: Circuits of the basal ganglia. Picture shows 2 coronal slices that have been superimposed to include the involved basal ganglia structures. + and - signs at the point of the arrows indicate respectively whether the pathway is excitatory or inhibitory in effect.
The indirect pathway, sometimes known as the indirect pathway of movement, is a neuronal circuit through the basal ganglia and several associated nuclei within the central nervous system (CNS) which helps to prevent unwanted muscle contractions from competing with voluntary movements. [1] It operates in conjunction with the direct pathway.
The basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei are a group of subcortical nuclei found in the brains of vertebrates.In humans and other primates, differences exist, primarily in the division of the globus pallidus into external and internal regions, and in the division of the striatum.
Indirect and direct pathways.Some neuroanatomy is excluded for simplicity.. The two major input structures of the circuit are the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The striatum receives inputs from both the cortex and the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNc), while the STN only receives cortical inputs.
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English: Circuits of the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease.Picture shows 2 coronal slices have been superimposed to include the involved basal ganglia. Green arrows refer to excitatory (+) glutamatergic pathways, red arrows refer to inhibitory (-) GABAergic pathways and turquoise arrows refer to dopaminergic pathways, that are excitatory on the direct pathway and inhibitory on the indirect ...
Main circuits of the basal ganglia. Picture shows 2 coronal slices that have been superimposed to include the involved basal ganglia structures. + and - signs at the point of the arrows indicate respectively whether the pathway is excitatory or inhibitory in effect.