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The earliest Buddhist texts were orally composed and transmitted in Middle Indo-Aryan dialects called Prakrits. [8] [9] [10] Various parallel passages in the Buddhist Vinayas state that when asked to put the sutras into chandasas the Buddha refused and instead said the teachings could be transmitted in sakāya niruttiyā (Skt. svakā niruktiḥ).
The approximately 3,000 scroll fragments are in Sanskrit or Buddhist Sanskrit, in the Brāhmī script, and date to a period from the 2nd to 8th century CE. [6] The Bower Manuscript is one of the oldest Sanskrit texts on birch bark in the Brāhmī script. It includes several texts covering subjects including a medical treatise and proverbs.
The Heart Sūtra [a] is a popular sutra in Mahāyāna Buddhism. In Sanskrit, the title Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya translates as "The Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom". The Sutra famously states, "Form is emptiness (śūnyatā), emptiness is form." It has been called "the most frequently used and recited text in the entire Mahayana Buddhist ...
The Dhammapada (Pali: धम्मपद; Sanskrit: धर्मपद, romanized: Dharmapada) is a collection of sayings of the Buddha in verse form and one of the most widely read and best known Buddhist scriptures. [1]
As one linguist who studied the Sanskrit and Khotanese versions of the Sanghāta put it, "the cryptic aspects of the sutra also extend to its title." In standard Sanskrit, sanghāta is a term meaning the 'fitting and joining of timbers' or 'the work done by a carpenter in joining two pieces of wood,' and can refer to carpentry in general.
The Buddha says that the merits of teaching the sutra is immeasurable and that any place where it is being taught or copied is a holy place. [44] Chapter 22: Entrustment. The Buddha transmits the Lotus Sūtra to all bodhisattvas in his congregation and entrusts them with its safekeeping and its propagation far and wide.
The Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra (Entering the Bodhisattva Conduct) or Bodhicaryāvatāra (Entering the Bodhi Way; Tibetan: བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྤྱོད་པ་ལ་འཇུག་པ་ byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa la 'jug pa; Chinese: 入菩薩行論), is a Mahāyāna Buddhist text written c. 700 CE in Sanskrit verse by Shantideva (Śāntideva), a ...
However, the Laṅkāvatāra also states that buddha-nature is not a self , calls it selfless (nairātmya), and states that it is empty of self-nature. [17] [1] The Lanka further states that buddha-nature is merely a skillful means of teaching the dharma to non-buddhists (tīrthikas) who cling to a self: