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Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. [1] The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex layer, an algal layer, and a medulla.
An areolate lichen is the most common form of crustose lichen. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] As with all crustose lichens, it has a paint-like appearance, and is inseparable from the substrate on which it grows. However, its thallus is broken into regular polygonal sections, which can look a bit like cracked mud, flaking paint or little islands.
A crustose lichen, Caloplaca marina. Crustose is a habit of some types of algae and lichens in which the organism grows tightly appressed to a substrate, forming a biological layer. Crustose adheres very closely to the substrates at all points. Crustose is found on rocks and tree bark. [1]
Mycobilimbia australis is a crustose (crust-forming) lichen that forms a spreading, uneven, dull-coloured patch ranging from pale greyish to brownish or greenish grey. The lichen's main body takes on the texture of whatever surface it grows on and is typically dotted with small black-brown spots that are either developing or aborted reproductive structures.
Cryptothecia rubrocincta is a crustose lichen, because it grows in the form of a surface crust. The thallus, or body of the lichen is spread out flat and can be either tightly to loosely attached to the growing surface. It is 0.15–0.30 mm thick, and can be smooth, or have low radiating ridges.
A crustose lichen that grows on rock is called a saxicolous lichen. [37] [40]: 159 Crustose lichens that grow on the rock are epilithic, and those that grow immersed inside rock, growing between the crystals with only their fruiting bodies exposed to the air, are called endolithic lichens. [36] [40]: 159 [97] A crustose lichen that grows on ...
Lichens also sometimes contain structures made from fungal metabolites, for example crustose lichens sometimes have a polysaccharide layer in the cortex. Although each lichen thallus generally appears homogeneous, some evidence seems to suggest that the fungal component may consist of more than one genetic individual of that species.
Rhizocarpon is a genus of crustose, saxicolous (or sometimes lichenicolous), lecideoid lichens in the family Rhizocarpaceae.The genus is common in arctic-alpine environments, but also occurs throughout temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions.