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  2. Total operating characteristic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_operating_characteristic

    Whereas TOC AUC varies between 0 and 1 — with an uninformative classifier yielding 0.5 — the alternative measures known as informedness, [citation needed] Certainty [12] and Gini coefficient (in the single parameterization or single system case) [citation needed] all have the advantage that 0 represents chance performance whilst 1 ...

  3. Receiver operating characteristic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_operating...

    A high ROC AUC, such as 0.9 for example, might correspond to low values of precision and negative predictive value, such as 0.2 and 0.1 in the [0, 1] range. If one performed a binary classification, obtained an ROC AUC of 0.9 and decided to focus only on this metric, they might overoptimistically believe their binary test was excellent.

  4. List of unsolved problems in economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Standard economic theory suggests that in relatively open international financial markets, the savings of any country would flow to countries with the most productive investment opportunities; hence, saving rates and domestic investment rates would be uncorrelated, contrary to the empirical evidence suggested by Martin Feldstein and Charles ...

  5. Measuring economic worth over time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_economic_worth...

    The measurement of economic worth over time is the problem of relating past prices, costs, values and proportions of social production to current ones. For a number of reasons, relating any past indicator to a current indicator of worth is theoretically and practically difficult for economists , historians , and political economists .

  6. Austerity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austerity

    In other words, a 1% GDP fiscal consolidation (i.e., austerity) would reduce GDP between 0.9% and 1.7%, thus inflicting far more economic damage than the 0.5 previously estimated in IMF forecasts. [25] In many countries, little is known about the size of multipliers, as data availability limits the scope for empirical research.

  7. Velocity of money - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_of_money

    The velocity of money provides another perspective on money demand.Given the nominal flow of transactions using money, if the interest rate on alternative financial assets is high, people will not want to hold much money relative to the quantity of their transactions—they try to exchange it fast for goods or other financial assets, and money is said to "burn a hole in their pocket" and ...

  8. Market structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_structure

    N-firm concentration ratio, N-firm concentration ratio is a common measure of market structure. This gives the combined market share of the N largest firms in the market. [ 9 ] For example, if the 5-firm concentration ratio in the United States smart phone industry is about .8, which indicates that the combined market share of the five largest ...

  9. Lorenz curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz_curve

    A typical Lorenz curve. In economics, the Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of the distribution of income or of wealth.It was developed by Max O. Lorenz in 1905 for representing inequality of the wealth distribution.