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A la juventud filipina (English Translation: To The Philippine Youth) is a poem written in Spanish by Filipino writer and patriot José Rizal, first presented in 1879 in Manila, while he was studying at the University of Santo Tomas.
A translation to Czech was made by former Czech ambassador to the Republic of the Philippines, Jaroslav Ludva, [8] and addressed at the session of the Senát. In 1927, Luis G. Dato translated the poem from Spanish to English in rhymes. Dato called it "Mí último pensamiento". [9] Dato was the first Filipino to translate the poem. [10]
The 512-page book was published by Librería General de Victoriano Suárez of Madrid, Spain, in 1907. It contains works of Rizal such as poems and essays in "Spanish of literary merit"; some "translations and short papers" written in Tagalog, German, French, and English; and a complete listing of Rizal’s writings. [1]
This was made popular later by José Rizal in his last poem and the modern translation into Filipino by the national anthem. The term was first used in 1855 in his work entitled "Sermón de San Andrés". With the death of Peláez, another priest continued the battle for self-identity in the person of Fr. José Apolonio Burgos (1837–1877).
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José, as "Rizal", soon distinguished himself in poetry writing contests, impressing his professors with his facility with Castilian and other foreign languages, and later, in writing essays that were critical of the Spanish historical accounts of the pre-colonial Philippine societies.
However, the earliest Rizal might have first encountered the word was 1882, when he was 21 years old – 13 years after he supposedly wrote the poem. Rizal first came across kalayaan (or as it was spelled during the Spanish period, kalayahan), through a Tagalog translation by Marcelo H. del Pilar of Rizal's own essay "El Amor Patrio". [5] [10]
Early Modern Spanish: 11 Andersen's Fairy Tales: Hans Christian Andersen: 1835–1852: 129 [14] Danish: 12 The Book of Mormon: See Origin of the Book of Mormon: 1830: 115 [15] English: 13 Asterix: René Goscinny & Albert Uderzo: 1959–present: 115 [16] (not all volumes are available in all languages) French: 14 The Quran: See History of the ...