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Venera 4 (Russian: Венера-4, lit. 'Venus-4'), also designated 4V-1 No.310, was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus.The probe comprised a lander, designed to enter the Venusian atmosphere and parachute to the surface, and a carrier/flyby spacecraft, which carried the lander to Venus and served as a communications relay for it.
Escape stage exploded during Trans-Venus injection; Some pieces re-entered and others remained in Earth orbit — — Venera 9: 4V-1 No. 660: Orbiter and Lander: 8 June 1975: 22 October 1975: 53: Sent back the first (black and white) images of Venus' surface. Landed within a 150-kilometre (93 mi) radius of 31.01° N, 291.64° E.
In October 1983, Venera 15 and Venera 16 entered polar orbits around Venus. The images had a 1–2 kilometres (0.62–1.24 mi) resolution, comparable to those obtained by the best Earth radars. Venera 15 analyzed and mapped the upper atmosphere with an infrared Fourier spectrometer.
Artificial object Image Country Landing date Landing mass Coordinates Venera 3: Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Union March 1, 1966 377 kg (831 lb) [a 1]: Venera 4: Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Union: October 18, 1967 : 377 kg (831 lb) : Venera 5: Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Union: May 16, 1969 : 410 kg (900 lb) : Venera 6: Soviet Academy of Sciences Soviet Union: May 17, 1969 : ...
(3MV-1 No.4) 2 April 1964: OKB-1 Soviet Union: Flyby/Lander Spacecraft failure Electronics shorted out, communications lost before flyby. [11] Flew past Venus on 14 July 1964. Molniya-M: Venera 2 (3MV-4 No.4) 12 November 1965: OKB-1 Soviet Union: Flyby Spacecraft failure Flew past Venus on 27 February 1966, closest approach at 02:52 UTC.
From 1961 to 1984, the Soviet Union developed the Venera probes for surface mapping by radar. The Venera 4 (on October 18, 1967) was the first lander to make a soft landing on Venus (also the first for another planetary object). The probe operated for about 23 minutes before being destroyed by the Venusian atmosphere.
The spacecraft definitively confirmed that humans cannot survive on the surface of Venus, and excluded the possibility of any liquid water on Venus. Venera 8: USSR: 22 July 1972: Within 150 km radius of : Soft landing; transmitted from surface for 50 minutes. Venera 9 lander: USSR: 22 October 1975
Venera 14 (called Venus 14 in English) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus. Venera 14 was identical to the Venera 13 spacecraft, built to take advantage of the 1981 Venus launch opportunity. Venera 14 was launched on 4 November 1981 at 05:31:00 UTC, five days after Venera 13 launched on 30 October 1981 at 06:04 ...