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Therefore, the Bolsheviks appealed to them as allies and promised them political independence and religious freedom. [28] Lenin even voiced admiration of Muslims who had fought against imperialism and saw Muslim folk heroes as emblems of the struggle against imperialism. [28] In 1917, the Bolsheviks made this pronouncement to Muslims in Russia:
The Vatican at first sought to use the newly re-created Poland's position to promote Catholic interests in Russia, but following the war between the Bolsheviks and Poland, the Vatican turned to Weimar Germany, which played crucial role in diplomatic efforts with regard to Christians in the USSR.
As for the Russian Orthodox Church, Soviet authorities sought to control it and, in times of national crisis, to exploit it for the state's own purposes; however, their ultimate goal was to eliminate it. During the first five years of Soviet power, the Bolsheviks executed 28 Russian Orthodox bishops and over 1,200 Russian Orthodox priests.
The Soviet regime had an ostensible commitment to the complete annihilation of religious institutions and ideas. [11] Communist ideology could not coexist with the continued influence of religion even as an independent institutional entity, so "Lenin demanded that communist propaganda must employ militancy and irreconcilability towards all forms of idealism and religion", and that was called ...
"Monks - the bloody enemies of the working people" (Banner on the Dormition Cathedral of the Kiev Cave Monastery, 1930s.). The USSR anti-religious campaign of 1928–1941 was a new phase of anti-religious campaign in the Soviet Union following the anti-religious campaign of 1921–1928.
After the October Revolution, there was a movement within the Soviet Union to unite all of the people of the world under communist rule known as world communism.Communism as interpreted by Vladimir Lenin and his successors in the Soviet government included the abolition of religion and to this effect the Soviet government launched a long-running unofficial campaign to eliminate religion from ...
During and before the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks and their ideology led up to the formation of the Communist Party. [56] Vladimir Lenin and his ideas for "a workers' socialist state" heavily dominated the movement. [56] This is how the famous Social Democrat Alexander Parvus wrote about the topic in 1918: [57]
Bolo was a derogatory expression for Bolsheviks used by British service personnel in the North Russian Expeditionary Force which intervened against the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. [33] Adolf Hitler , Joseph Goebbels , and other Nazi leaders used it in reference to the worldwide political movement coordinated by the Comintern .