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Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a rare, inherited, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the nervous system, causing progressive damage to the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and cerebellum, leading to impaired muscle coordination . The condition typically manifests in childhood or adolescence, with initial ...
Friedreich's ataxia; Spinocerebellar ataxia, Friedreich 229300: Disease ID 6468 at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases: Infantile onset Spinocerebellar ataxia 605361: Disease ID 4062 at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases: Spinocerebellar ataxia 1 164400: Disease ID 4071 at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases: Spinocerebellar ataxia 2 183090
Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), also known as Machado–Joseph Azorean disease, Machado's disease, Joseph's disease or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive cerebellar ataxia, [1] [2] which results in a lack of muscle control and coordination of the upper and lower extremities. [3]
The ICARS has been validated for use in patients with focal cerebellar lesions [1] and hereditary spinocerebellar and Friedrich's ataxia. [2] [3] More recently, two shorter ataxia scales based upon the ICARS have been created and validated, the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) [4] and the Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS). [5]
Ataxia (from Greek α- [a negative prefix] + -τάξις [order] = "lack of order") is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that can include gait abnormality, speech changes, and abnormalities in eye movements, that indicates dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement, such as the cerebellum.
Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia originating in the cerebellum. [1] Non-progressive congenital ataxia (NPCA) is a classical presentation of cerebral ataxias. Cerebellar ataxia can occur as a result of many diseases and may present with symptoms of an inability to coordinate balance, gait, extremity and eye movements. [ 2 ]
Friedreich's ataxia is an autosomal recessive disorder cause by a GAA expansion in the intron of the FXN gene. This gene codes for the protein frataxin, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis. The mutation impairs transcription of the protein, so affected cells produce only 5-10% of the frataxin of healthy cells. [45]
SCA2 (Spinocerebellar ataxia Type 2) ATXN2: 14 - 32: 33 - 77 SCA3 (Spinocerebellar ataxia Type 3 or Machado-Joseph disease) ATXN3: 12 - 40: 55 - 86 SCA6 (Spinocerebellar ataxia Type 6) CACNA1A: 4 - 18: 21 - 30 SCA7 (Spinocerebellar ataxia Type 7) ATXN7: 7 - 17: 38 - 120 SCA17 (Spinocerebellar ataxia Type 17) TBP: 25 - 42: 47 - 63