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Peak ground acceleration (PGA) is equal to the maximum ground acceleration that occurred during earthquake shaking at a location. PGA is equal to the amplitude of the largest absolute acceleration recorded on an accelerogram at a site during a particular earthquake. [1] Earthquake shaking generally occurs in all three directions.
List of international earthquake acceleration coefficients. A list of earthquake coefficients used in structural design for earthquake engineering [1] around the world. For example, a coefficient of 0.09 indicates that a building is designed that 0.09457 of its weight can be applied horizontally during an earthquake. [clarification needed]
An earthquake's seismic moment can be estimated in various ways, which are the bases of the M wb, M wr, M wc, M ww, M wp, M i, and M wpd scales, all subtypes of the generic M w scale. See Moment magnitude scale § Subtypes for details. Seismic moment is considered the most objective measure of an earthquake's "size" in regard of total energy. [50]
The IEEE 693: Recommended Practice for Seismic Design of Substations. [ 1 ] is a Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standard. This standard is recognized also by American National Standards Institute , and is used mainly in the American Continent.
In Japan this kind of information is used when an earthquake occurs to anticipate the severity of damage to be expected in different areas. [2] The intensity of local ground-shaking depends on several factors besides the magnitude of the earthquake, [3] one of the most important being soil conditions. For instance, thick layers of soft soil ...
A series of mixed vertical oscillators A plot of the peak acceleration for the mixed vertical oscillators. A response spectrum is a plot of the peak or steady-state response (displacement, velocity or acceleration) of a series of oscillators of varying natural frequency, that are forced into motion by the same base vibration or shock.
Earthquake shaking tables are essential in model testing contests, where participants evaluate designs developed within specific guidelines against simulated seismic activity. [5] Simple shake tables are also used in architecture and structural engineering primarily for educational purposes, helping students learn how structures respond to ...
The Newmark's sliding block analysis method is an engineering that calculates permanent displacements of soil slopes (also embankments and dams) during seismic loading. . Newmark analysis does not calculate actual displacement, but rather is an index value that can be used to provide an indication of the structures likelihood of failure during a seismic e