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In physics and chemistry, a non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity, that is, it has variable viscosity dependent on stress.In particular, the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids can change when subjected to force.
The teapot effect, also known as dribbling, is a fluid dynamics phenomenon that occurs when a liquid being poured from a container runs down the spout or the body of the vessel instead of flowing out in an arc. [1] Markus Reiner coined the term "teapot effect" in 1956 to describe the tendency of liquid to dribble down the side of a vessel while ...
A vapor can exist in equilibrium with a liquid (or solid), in which case the gas pressure equals the vapor pressure of the liquid (or solid). A supercritical fluid (SCF) is a gas whose temperature and pressure are above the critical temperature and critical pressure respectively. In this state, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears.
Leidenfrost droplet Demonstration of the Leidenfrost effect Leidenfrost effect of a single drop of water. The Leidenfrost effect is a physical phenomenon in which a liquid, close to a solid surface of another body that is significantly hotter than the liquid's boiling point, produces an insulating vapor layer that keeps the liquid from boiling rapidly.
A supercritical fluid (SCF) is a substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist, but below the pressure required to compress it into a solid. [1] It can effuse through porous solids like a gas, overcoming the mass transfer limitations that slow liquid transport through such ...
Viscoelasticity is a type of non-Newtonian flow, characterizing a material that acts as a viscous liquid over a long time period but as an elastic solid over a short time period. [7] Because its apparent viscosity increases directly with respect to the amount of force applied, Silly Putty can be characterized as a dilatant fluid.
[34] [35] The name water bear comes from the way they walk, reminiscent of a bear's gait. The name Tardigradum means 'slow walker' and was given by Lazzaro Spallanzani in 1776. [ 36 ] [ 11 ] In 1834, C.A.S. Schulze gave the first formal description of a tardigrade, Macrobiotus hufelandi , in a work subtitled "a new animal from the crustacean ...
As water freezes, tiny amounts of liquid water are theoretically still present, even as temperatures go below −48 °C (−54 °F) and almost all the water has turned solid, either into crystalline ice or amorphous water. However, this remaining liquid water crystallizes too fast for its properties to be detected or measured. [11]