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Antistatic agents can be added to nonpolar solvents to increase their conductivity to allow electrostatic spray painting. (Oxygenated solvents have too high conductivity to be used here.) [ 9 ] The polysulfones can be prepared by reacting olefins , notably alpha-olefins , with sulfur dioxide .
Electrical conductivity of water samples is used as an indicator of how salt-free, ion-free, or impurity-free the sample is; the purer the water, the lower the conductivity (the higher the resistivity). Conductivity measurements in water are often reported as specific conductance, relative to the conductivity of pure water at 25 °C.
Distribution of current flow in a cylindrical conductor, shown in cross section. For alternating current , current density decreases exponentially from the surface towards the inside. Skin depth, δ, is defined as the depth where the current density is just 1/e (about 37%) of the value at the surface; it depends on the frequency of the current ...
A corona discharge is an electrical discharge caused by the ionization of a fluid such as air surrounding a conductor carrying a high voltage. It represents a local region where the air (or other fluid) has undergone electrical breakdown and become conductive, allowing charge to continuously leak off the conductor into the air.
σ T is the electrical conductivity at the temperature T, σ T cal is the electrical conductivity at the calibration temperature T cal, α is the temperature compensation gradient of the solution. The temperature compensation gradient for most naturally occurring samples of water is about 2%/°C; however it can range between 1 and 3%/°C.
Surface conductivity is an additional conductivity of an electrolyte in the vicinity of the charged interfaces. [1] Surface and volume conductivity of liquids correspond to the electrically driven motion of ions in an electric field. A layer of counter ions of the opposite polarity to the surface charge exists close to the interface.
There is evidence that tribocharging can occur between combinations of solids, liquids and gases, for instance liquid flowing in a solid tube or an aircraft flying through air. Often static electricity is a consequence of the triboelectric effect when the charge stays on one or both of the objects and is not conducted away.
The dual finishing process uses the best each process has to offer, anodizing with its hard wear resistance and chromate conversion coating with its electrical conductivity. The process steps can typically involve chromate conversion coating the entire component, followed by a masking of the surface in areas where the chromate coating must ...