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Sodium: In patients with kidney failure, sodium can cause excessive fluid retention, which can lead to elevated blood pressure, edema, heart failure, and shortness of breath. Fluid: As kidney damage worsens so does the ability to excrete fluid. In kidney failure patients, excessive fluid intake can result in the same conditions that excessive ...
The restrictiveness of a renal diet depends on the severity of the patient's kidney disease, and the diet should be undertaken with the advice of a dietician. [5] [7] Patients with comorbid conditions like diabetes may need to further alter their diets to meet the needs of those conditions simultaneously. [7]
Dehydration can occur as a result of diarrhea, vomiting, water scarcity, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. Management of dehydration (or rehydration) seeks to reverse dehydration by replenishing the lost water and electrolytes. Water and electrolytes can be given through a number of routes, including oral, intravenous, and rectal.
The use of a salt substitute can provide a taste offsetting the perceived blandness of low-salt food; potassium chloride is widely used for this purpose. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends daily potassium intake of not less than 3,510 mg. [ 18 ] Government interventions such as food product reformulation and food procurement policy ...
Patients may also exhibit dementia, mutism, and convulsions. [1] Excessive aluminium has been found to cause anemia and has a direct impact on hematopoiesis. Patients with aluminium toxicity have been found to have microcytic anemia, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, chromophilic cells, and basophilic stippling on their peripheral smears. [1]
Salt poisoning is an intoxication resulting from the excessive intake of sodium (usually as sodium chloride) either in solid form or in solution (saline water, including brine, brackish water, or seawater). Salt poisoning sufficient to produce severe symptoms is rare, and lethal salt poisoning is possible but even rarer. The lethal dose of ...
Glycosuria leads to excessive water loss into the urine with resultant dehydration, a process called osmotic diuresis. Alimentary glycosuria is a temporary condition, when a high amount of carbohydrate is taken, it is rapidly absorbed in some cases where a part of the stomach is surgically removed, the excessive glucose appears in urine ...
Mineralcorticoid excess due to a disease state such as Conn's syndrome usually does not lead to hypernatremia unless free water intake is restricted. Salt poisoning is the most common cause in children. [16] [17] It has also been seen in a number of adults with mental health problems. [11] Too much salt can also occur from drinking seawater or ...