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Ke is the risk-adjusted, theoretical rate of return on a Company's invested excess capital obtained through external investments. Among other things, the value of Ke and the Cost of Debt (COD) [ 6 ] enables management to arbitrate different forms of short and long term financing for various types of expenditures.
Monthly accounting periods are common. In financial accounting the accounting period is determined by regulation and is usually 12 months. The beginning of the accounting period differs according to jurisdiction. For example, one entity may follow the calendar year, January to December, while another may follow April to March as the accounting ...
Government accounting refers to the process of recording and the management of all financial transactions incurred by the government which includes its income and expenditures. Various governmental accounting systems are used by various public sector entities.
The federal government uses a fiscal year from Oct. 1 to Sept. 30, so companies doing a lot of business with the government may adopt a similar fiscal calendar.
There are well over 150 government-owned or partially state-owned companies in Saudi Arabia, reflecting the government's strategic role in the economy. These companies are managed by government agencies, sovereign wealth funds like the Public Investment Fund (PIF), and other state-owned entities.
The United States federal government chartered and owned corporations operate to provide public services. Unlike government agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, or independent commissions, such as the Federal Communications Commission, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and others, they have a separate legal personality from the federal government.
In the Philippines, the government's fiscal year is the calendar year, from 1 January to 31 December. [50] The accounting period for the private sector must follow a 12-month fiscal period which can or can not be synchronized with the calendar year. Most Philippine companies end their fiscal years in December or March. [51]
An example of the different treatment under cash and accrual accounting of a government's purchase of a building: Under cash accounting: The government's budget surplus decreases (or deficit increases) by the amount of cash used (or debt incurred) to acquire the building in the year the government takes ownership. After the year of acquisition ...