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Tangut society was divided into two classes: the "Red Faced" and the "Black Headed". The Red Faced Tanguts were seen as commoners while the Black Headed Tanguts made up the elite priestly caste. Although Buddhism was extremely popular among the Tangut people, many Tangut herdsmen continued to practice a kind of shamanism known as Root West (Melie).
Tanguts capture Ordos [20] 1002: Dingnan Jiedushi conquers Lingzhou, renames it Xiping, and makes it their capital [21] 1004: 6 January: Li Jiqian dies in battle against the Tibetan state of Xiliangfu and his son Li Deming succeeds him [17] Li Jipeng dies at the Song court [17] 1008: Dingnan Jiedushi attacks the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom [22] 1009
Genghis intended to annihilate the entire Western Xia culture: he methodically destroyed their cities and countryside, and began besieging Yinchuan in 1227. In December, near the end of the siege, Genghis Khan died of unknown causes, which has been presented by some accounts as being the result of wounds he had suffered against the Western Xia.
The Western Xia or the Xi Xia (Chinese: 西夏; pinyin: Xī Xià; Wade–Giles: Hsi 1 Hsia 4), officially the Great Xia (大夏; Dà Xià; Ta 4 Hsia 4), also known as the Tangut Empire, and known as Mi-nyak [6] to the Tanguts and Tibetans, was a Tangut-led imperial dynasty of China that existed from 1038 to 1227.
Western Xia Tangut Empire had a population of 3,000,000, [15] [16] [17] but most of the Tanguts including children and women were massacred and killed by the army of Mongol invaders under Genghis Khan.
In 1988 Dunnell made a study and translation of a bilingual Tangut and Chinese inscription on a stele erected in 1094, and in 1996 she published an influential book entitled The Great State of White and High: Buddhism and State Foundation in Eleventh-Century Xia in which she examined the relationship between the Tanguts and their neighbours ...
Muqali then died of illness, and the Mongols retreated. This was the siege in which the Western Xia troops supporting the Mongols gave up and went home, incurring the wrath of Genghis Khan. In the wars against the Mongols, therefore, the Jin relied heavily on subjects or allies like the Uighurs, Tanguts and Khitans to supply cavalry.
Two years later the Guiyi Circuit surrendered to the Tanguts. Yuanhao invaded the Qinghai region as well but was repelled by the newly risen Tibetan kingdom of Tsongkha. In 1032, Yuanhao annexed the Tibetan confederation of Xiliangfu, and soon after his father died, leaving him ruler of the Tangut state. [4]