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Pebbledash Pebbledashing Rock dash stucco. Roughcast or pebbledash is a durable coarse plaster surface used on outside walls that consists of lime and sometimes cement mixed with sand, small gravel and often pebbles or shells. [1]
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...
In the construction industry, the 1:5:200 rule (or 1:5:200 ratio) is a rule of thumb that states that: . If the initial construction costs of a building is 1, then its maintenance and operating costs over the years is 5, and the business operating costs (salary of people working in that building) is 200.
Elemental cost planning is a system of Cost planning and Cost control, typically for buildings, which enables the cost of a scheme to be monitored during design development. 1951 saw the publication of the Ministry of Education Building Bulletin No 4 which essentially introduced the concept of elemental cost planning to the UK construction ...
The choice of road design standards is a tradeoff between construction costs and haul costs (which the road is designed to reduce). A road that serves only a few stands will be used by relatively few trucks over its lifetime and so it makes sense to save construction costs with a narrow, winding, unpaved road that adds to the time (and haul ...
Timber-frame building showing considerable, but tolerable, settlement. Settlement is the downward movement or the sinking of a structure's foundation.It is mostly caused by changes in the underlying soil, such as drying and shrinking, wetting and softening, or compression due to the soil being poorly compacted when construction started. [1]
For example, a soft claystone pebble will obviously round much faster, and over a shorter distance of transport, than a more resistant quartz pebble. The rate of rounding is also affected by the grain size and energy conditions. Angularity (A) and roundness (R) are but two parameters of the complexity of a clast's generalised form (F).
Gravel (largest fragment in this photo is about 40 mm (1.6 in)) Gravel (/ ˈ ɡ r æ v əl /) is a loose aggregation of rock fragments.Gravel occurs naturally on Earth as a result of sedimentary and erosive geological processes; it is also produced in large quantities commercially as crushed stone.