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Quality, cost, delivery (QCD), sometimes expanded to quality, cost, delivery, morale, safety (QCDMS), [1] is a management approach originally developed by the British automotive industry. [2] QCD assess different components of the production process and provides feedback in the form of facts and figures that help managers make logical decisions.
The Incoterms or International Commercial Terms are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) relating to international commercial law. [1] Incoterms define the responsibilities of exporters and importers in the arrangement of shipments and the transfer of liability involved at various ...
A freight rate (historically and in ship chartering simply freight [1]) is a price at which a certain cargo is delivered from one point to another. The price depends on the form of the cargo, the mode of transport (truck, ship, train, aircraft), the weight of the cargo, and the distance to the delivery destination.
For example, a person in Miami purchasing equipment from a manufacturer in Chicago could receive a price quote of "$5000 FOB Chicago", which would indicate that the buyer would be responsible for the shipping from Chicago to Miami. If the same seller issued a price quote of "$5000 FOB Miami", then the seller would cover shipping to the buyer's ...
FFAs are built on an index composed of a shipping route for tanker or a basket of routes for dry bulk, contracts are traded ‘over the counter’ on a principal-to-principal basis and can be cleared through a clearing house. Freight futures contracts settle over the average price of spot freight during the corresponding month.
The environmental impact of shipping includes greenhouse gas emissions, acoustic, and oil pollution. [11] The International Maritime Organization (IMO) estimates that Carbon dioxide emissions from shipping were equal to 2.2% of the global human-made emissions in 2012 [12] and expects them to rise 50 to 250 percent by 2050 if no action is taken ...
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[3] [4] A carrier is an entity that transports goods for a fee, [5] and may use a variety of shipping modes, including ships, airplanes, trucks, and railroads, including multiple modes for a single shipment. For example, the freight forwarder may arrange to have cargo moved from a plant to an airport by truck, flown to the destination city and ...