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Energy recycling is the energy recovery process of using energy that would normally be wasted, usually by converting it into electricity or thermal energy.Undertaken at manufacturing facilities, power plants, and large institutions such as hospitals and universities, it significantly increases efficiency, thereby reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas pollution simultaneously.
Recycling rates by country 2019 Country % recycling % composting % incineration with energy recovery % incineration without energy recovery % other recovery % landfill % other disposal Australia: 24.6 19.8 0.6 0 9.5 55 0 Austria: 26.5 32.6 38.9 0 0 2.1 0 Belgium: 34.1 20.6 42.3 0.5 1.6 0 0 Costa Rica: 3 3.8 0 0 0 86.5 6.7 Czech Republic: 22.8 11.7
Recycled resources require less labor and energy to convert into new products, which reduces environmental pollution and production costs. Therefore, closed-loop recycling may be considered part of environmental sustainability programs. [8] One goal of closed-loop recycling is to reuse materials in an identical role as before recycling.
A 2007 Department of Energy study found the potential for 135,000 megawatts of combined heat and power (which uses energy recovery) in the U.S., [8] and a Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory study identified about 64,000 megawatts that could be obtained from industrial waste energy, not counting CHP. [9]
A convenient source of this heat is the Air Separation Unit (ASU) required for the oxy-fuel combustion regime. When burning natural gas as a fuel, this basic configuration has been modeled to achieve an efficiency up to 60% (LHV) as a power cycle net of all parasitic loads, including the energy-intensive ASU.
Incineration, the combustion of organic material such as waste with energy recovery, is the most common WtE implementation. All new WtE plants in OECD countries incinerating waste (residual MSW, commercial, industrial or RDF) must meet strict emission standards, including those on nitrogen oxides (NO x), sulphur dioxide (SO 2), heavy metals and dioxins.
Seven countries now generate nearly all of their electricity from renewable energy sources, according to newly compiled figures.. Albania, Bhutan, Nepal, Paraguay, Iceland, Ethiopia and the ...
Life cycle thinking can be applied to the five stages of the waste management hierarchy. For example, life-cycle analysis has shown that it is often better for the environment to replace an old washing machine, despite the waste generated, than to continue to use an older machine which is less energy-efficient. This is because a washing machine ...