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More formally, neutrino flavor eigenstates (creation and annihilation combinations) are not the same as the neutrino mass eigenstates (simply labeled "1", "2", and "3"). As of 2024, it is not known which of these three is the heaviest. The neutrino mass hierarchy consists of two possible configurations. In analogy with the mass hierarchy of the ...
Muon mass 105.7 MeV 3 m τ: Tau mass 1.78 GeV 4 m u: Up quark mass μ MS = 2 GeV 1.9 MeV 5 m d: Down quark mass μ MS = 2 GeV 4.4 MeV 6 m s: Strange quark mass μ MS = 2 GeV 87 MeV 7 m c: Charm quark mass μ MS = m c: 1.32 GeV 8 m b: Bottom quark mass μ MS = m b: 4.24 GeV 9 m t: Top quark mass On shell scheme 173.5 GeV 10 θ 12: CKM 12-mixing ...
The atomic mass (relative isotopic mass) is defined as the mass of a single atom, which can only be one isotope (nuclide) at a time, and is not an abundance-weighted average, as in the case of relative atomic mass/atomic weight. The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass of each isotope and nuclide of a chemical element is, therefore, a number ...
The two types of beta decay are known as beta minus and beta plus.In beta minus (β −) decay, a neutron is converted to a proton, and the process creates an electron and an electron antineutrino; while in beta plus (β +) decay, a proton is converted to a neutron and the process creates a positron and an electron neutrino. β + decay is also known as positron emission.
The following table lists current measured masses and mass estimates for all the fermions, using the same scale of measure: millions of electron-volts relative to square of light speed (MeV/c 2). For example, the most accurately known quark mass is of the top quark (t) at 172.7 GeV/c 2, estimated using the on-shell scheme.
The masses of those particles are small compared to nucleons—the mass of an electron (0.511 MeV/c 2) [18] and the mass of a muon (with a value of 105.7 MeV/c 2) [19] are fractions of the mass of the "heavy" proton (938.3 MeV/c 2), and the mass of a neutrino is nearly zero. [20]
The lower bound for a fourth generation neutrino (ν' τ) mass as of 2010 was at about 60 GeV (millions of times larger than the upper bound for the other 3 neutrino masses). [10] As of 2024, no evidence of a fourth-generation neutrino has ever been observed in neutrino oscillation studies either.
The mass of the neutron is greater than that of the proton by 1.293 32 MeV/c 2, [25] hence the neutron's mass provides energy sufficient for the creation of the proton, electron, and anti-neutrino. In the decay process, the proton, electron, and electron anti-neutrino conserve the energy, charge, and lepton number of the neutron. [ 26 ]