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Map 7: Major Greek tribes, as the ancient Greeks perceived them, based on the mythical account provided in the Catalogue of Women by pseudo-Hesiod (6th c. BC) Map 8: Archaic Greece Map 9: Major regions of mainland ancient Greece, and adjacent "barbarian" lands. Map 10: Ancient Regions of Epirus and Macedon.
In effect, the hoplite system was a strict method of training to ensure that discipline was maintained in the phalanx. The Spartans gained considerable reputation as hoplites, due to tactical capabilities developed through constant training. In addition to this military aspect, to be a hoplite was a key characteristic of Greek citizenship.
To maintain the social system of the city, it was necessary to have a force ready to oppose helot uprisings, which had occurred several times in the classical period. Spartiate males went through the brutal, and sometimes lethal, agoge and crypteia , from the age of seven to thirty, the age of full citizenship.
Among the social systems of the Four Great Ancient Civilizations, Egypt and Babylon adopted slavery, India implemented the caste system, and China adopted the feudal system and the well-field system before the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Each civilization had its own myths and legends. The state entities were born later.
ca. 480–470 BC Bust of Homer, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems which are the central works of ancient Greek literature. Art in ancient Greece. Death in ancient Greek art; Music of ancient Greece. Musical system of ancient Greece. Ancient Greek Musical Notation; Seikilos epitaph; Painting in ancient Greece; Pottery of ...
The Greek Middle Ages are coterminous with the duration of the Byzantine Empire (330–1453). [citation needed]After 395 the Roman Empire split in two. In the East, Greeks were the predominant national group and their language was the lingua franca of the region.
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