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Harvesting that heat energy using a thermoelectric generator can increase the fuel efficiency of the car. Thermoelectric generators have been investigated to replace the alternators in cars demonstrating a 3.45% reduction in fuel consumption. [33] Projections for future improvements are up to a 10% increase in mileage for hybrid vehicles. [34]
Due to the released heat of absorption the process delivers heat at the high temperature level. This heat is the revalued heat. Consequently, the absorbent is diluted while absorbing the refrigerant vapour. That diluted absorbent streams through the throttle to the generator. In the generator the refrigerant desorbs from the diluted solution ...
At the atomic scale, a temperature gradient causes charge carriers in the material to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side. This is due to charge carrier particles having higher mean velocities (and thus kinetic energy) at higher temperatures, leading them to migrate on average towards the colder side, in the process carrying heat across the material.
During the period from 1973 to 1983, however, significant research on advanced low-temperature thermionic converter technology for fossil-fueled industrial and commercial electric power production was conducted in the US, and continued until 1995 for possible space reactor and naval reactor applications.
Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two different types of materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of electrical energy, depending on the direction of the current.
A temperature sensitive resistor with a large, somewhat variable, temperature coefficient of resistance. thermocouple A junction of two dissimilar metals that generates voltage when at a temperature above absolute zero. thermoelectric effect The conversion between heat flow and current flow, and the reverse. thermostat A temperature sensing switch.
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Model shown is the FluxTeq PHFS-01 heat flux sensor. Voltage output is passively induced from the thermopile proportional to the heat flux through the sensor or similarly the temperature difference across the thin-film substrate and number of thermocouple junction pairs.